Volume: XI 2 2024

Abstract EveryyearonJune5th,WorldEnvironmentDayiscommemoratedtokeepremindingpeopleofthevalueofnature.Thedayhasbeenobservedallaroundtheglobetoremindfolksthattheenvironmentmustnotbetakenasagivenandthatitsvirtuesmustbeprotected.Thebiggestexistentialthreattohumanityandquasi-natureisenvironmentalconservation,whichisthedefiningsocialprogresschallengeofthetwenty-firstcentury.TheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)hasproducedfiveevaluations,allofwhichhaveverifiedourgreatestfears:namelyhumanemissionsareindeedtheprimarycauseofobservedglobalclimatechange.Climatechangeisdistinctfromotherenvironmentalissuesinthatitposesanimmediateandperhapsirreversiblethreattohumanculturesaswellastheglobe.Asaresult,environmentalprotection,policies,andlawsarecriticalforsustainingandimprovingsocietalwell-beingnowandinthefuture.Environmentalism,socialequity,andsustainablegrowthmustallbeconsideredandachievedwithintheparadigm.Environmentalismmustbelinkedtoeconomicanddevelopmentdecisions,andsocialjusticeandeconomicviabilitymustbeintegratedintoenvironmentalprotectiondecisions.Thispapermakesanefforttoincreaseawarenesswellaboutthevulnerabilityoftheenvironmentinwhichwealreadylive,whichcanonlybeproperlyprotectedifpeople’schoicesanddesiretoparticipateinitsconservationgrows.Everyoneinthecountryshouldrespectandrecognisethenumerouspoliciesandregulationsenactedtoprotecttheenvironment,aswellascommittocarryingouttheConstitutionalduty.

Abstract ThepaperenumeratesvariousdigitalinitiativesinitiatedbytheGovernmenttoprovideaccesstojustice.Thepurposebehindeffortsistohelpmarginalizedpeople.IndianConstitutionguaranteesfreelegalaidtoallcitizens.Despitethismanypeoplearedeprivedoflegalservicesbecauseofdelaysincasesettlementsandtediousproceduresonehastogothrough.TheGovernmenthasspenthugefundstoreducethependingcasesinthevariouscourtsbyembracingtechnologytogetridofproceduralbarriersandtryingtotransformthewayitofferslegalservices.ThepaperalsoanalyzesthevariousstepstakenbythegovernmenttoincludetheInternettoeasethelivesofallthestakeholders.

Abstract Thedisputesareboundtohappeninanyestablishedlegalmechanism.TheIndianjurisprudencenotonlyrecognizedjusticeasamatterofrighttolitigantsbutalsorecognizeaccesstojusticeaswell.The2019ConsumerProtectionActisanactoftheIndianParliament.The1986ConsumerProtectionActisreplacedbythisAct.Byestablishingauthoritiesfortheefficient,prompt,andappropriateadministrationandresolutionofconsumerdisputesandotherconsumer-relatedmatters,thisrevisedActaidsinprotectingtheinterestsofconsumers.WiththepassageofthisAct,thecustomerwassupposedtoruleinafreemarket.Thephrase"caveatamptor"—whichoriginallymeant"letthebuyerbeware"—hasbeenreplacedwith"caveatvenditor,"whichmeans"letthevendorbeware."ThisActisobviouslyfocusedongivingtheconsumergreaterpowerbyincreasingopenness.TheConsumerProtectionActcallsforthecreationofconsumerdisputeredressalcommissionsbecauseofincreasedcompetitionandthetemptationtoengageinunethical,exploitative,andunfairbusinesspracticeslikesellingfaultyandunsafeproducts,adulteratingproducts,andrunningfalseormisleadingadvertisementsinanefforttoincreasesalesandmarketshare(CDRC).Inthelightofabovestatedbackdrop,thepaperisanattempttoanalysesthevariousmodesofredressalmechanismundertheAct,andtohighlightvariouslegislativeandpolicygapsandsuggestthesuitablemeasuresforthesame.

Abstract Cybercrimesagainstwomenhaveemergedasasignificantconcerninthedigitalerawithfar-reachingconsequencesfortheirsafetyanddignity.Thispapermakesanempiricalevaluationofthesocio-legalaspectsofcybercrimesagainstwomeninKashmir.Throughamixed-methodsapproach,combiningqualitativeandquantitativedata,theresearchpaperinvestigatestheprevalenceandimpactofcybercrimesonwomeninKashmir.Italsoexploresthelegalandinstitutionalframeworksinplacetocombatthesecrimes,highlightingthegapsandchallengesinimplementation.

Abstract India,adiverseandmulticulturalnation,haslongbeenarefugeforvariouscommunitiesfleeingpersecutionandconflict.Theinterplayofgender,religion,andrefugeestatuspresentsuniquechallengesanddynamicswithinthiscontext.Theseabstractaimstoprovideanoverviewofthesecomplexintersections,exploringhowtheyshapetheexperiencesandrights.Gendersignificantlyinfluencestherefugeeexperience.Violenceagainstwomenandgirls,limitedaccesstoschoolingandhealthcare,anddiscriminationinrefugeecampsaresomeoftheproblemsthatwomenandgirlsface.GenderrolesandexpectationswithinrefugeecommunitiesandthebroadersocietalcontextinIndiafurthercomplicatetheseissues.Effortstoaddressthesechallengesmustconsiderfemalerefugees’ specificneedsandvulnerabilities.ReligiousidentityplaysacriticalroleintherefugeeexperienceinIndia.Forinstance,HindurefugeesfromPakistanandBangladeshmightexperiencedifferenttreatmentcomparedtoRohingyaMuslimsorTibetanBuddhists.Theintersectionofgender,religion,andrefugeestatuscreatescomplexandmultifacetedchallengesforrefugeesinIndia.Womenbelongingtoreligiousminorities,forexample,mayfacecompoundeddiscriminationandvulnerability.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresanintersectionalapproachthatrecognizesand